Second Civil Rights Movement
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Contents
Summary
The Second Civil Rights Movement was a cultural and political movement in the United States of America, advocating for the equality and liberation of oppressed minorities in the United States, primary African-Americans, whose efforts had proven largely in vain during the First Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s. The movement began in the mid-late 1990s, and largely compromised with the government by the mid 2010s, though the more radical cells would continue into the early-mid 2020s.
Methodology
Unlike the movement 40 years earlier, violent and insurrectionary action took a much larger place on the stage, with many left-wing, black-led, and queer liberationist militias and paramilitary organizations being formed or growing in strength. Though nonviolent action was still a crucial part of the movement, with moderate groups like Black Lives Matter, Food Not Bombs, and PFLAG playing an important part in the popularization of the movement. However, when speaking about historical influence, the paramilitaries had a much more important role, bending the powerful to their will.
Militias
Black Panther Party
The Black Panther Party, founded in 1966 and still operational today, is a black-power organization. From the '90s to '10s, the Black Panther Party had chapters in most major cities, including New York, Washington, Chicago, Atlanta, San Francisco, and Los Angeles. The Black Panther Party was a mothership for militias, founding and supporting hundreds of paramilitaries rather than forming its own central forces. A group under the wing of the BPP, famous for its numerous armed skirmishes with the police, was the Pink Panthers, a group reserved for black women and gays.
UCP International
UCP (United Colored Peoples) International was more than a militia, it was an army. UCP was mainly used as a way for international spectators to participate as frontline fighters, hence the name. The most frequent locations for recruitment were Mexico, Ireland, and Indonesia.
